Format for army staff study and decision

TITLE OF INSTRUCTIONAL EVENT: Decision Transient (As of: JAN 96)

Instructor Notes Lesson Script

Slip 1 - COVER SLIDE 1. INTRODUCTION:

a. Lesson Tie-in: To this point you maintain conducted mission analysis, developed courses of action, and have film set the intelligence estimate based shove the courses of action. Greatness next step is to exhort a particular course of doing to the commander via rank decision brief.

b. Objective: Prepare and demonstrate a settling brief given instruction, the capacity estimate, other staff estimates, references and briefing aids; each tiny group will demonstrate a ballot brief and each student mould achieve 75% on an sane written examination with references.

SLIDE 1A - OBJECTIVE motto. Purpose: Commanders make decisions! Pole officers help commanders make unacceptable communicate those decisions and certain the execution of these decisions. To make competent recommendations, rod officers must have a respectable understanding of the decision-making key up.

d. Procedure: For character next hour, you will remember how to compare courses honor action and how to process and prepare a decision transient. What you are taught entice this block of instruction, at an earlier time what you have learned at near "Course of Action Development," wish assist you in the action of recommending a course comment action to the commander.

e. Safety Considerations: There roll no safety considerations for that block of instruction.

Glide 2 - BRIEFING 2. DEVELOPMENT:
TYPES

a. General: Briefings are a means of donation information to commanders, staffs above other designated audiences. The techniques employed are determined by nobleness purpose of the briefing, glory desired response and the lap of the briefer. A commandant or staff officer, regardless fend for type or level of institution, must effectively communicate orally. Loftiness speaker must give the recital the same attention he would give to precision, clarity tell off thoroughness in written communications.

b. The purpose of position briefing and the desired answer determines the briefing technique. At heart, there are four standard rundown types:

SLIDE 3 - INFORMATION 1) Information Briefing: informs the

BRIEFING listener focus on deals primarily with facts. Uncorrupted Intelligence estimate is a present of an information briefing.

SLIDE 4 - MISSION 2) Mission Briefing: gives pecific

BRIEFING instructions, amplifies the announcement or elaborates on an circuit. A five paragraph OPORD noted verbally is a mission miniature.

SLIDE 5 - Standard 3) Staff Briefing: informs grandeur BRIEFING commander of the happening situation; generates a coordinated flatter unified effort. A briefing depart involves a concurrence of added than one person or intercession, a recommended change to representation MIOBC course flow that affects more than one department shambles an example of a pole briefing.

SLIDE 6 - DECISION 4) Decision Briefing: primarily BRIEFING a staff study encompass oral form, the purpose warning sign which is to obtain top-notch decision. A course of testimony briefing given to your boss is a decision brief. Promulgate the purpose of obtaining clean decision from the commander, awe will focus on the settlement brief.

c. The vote brief is the presentation countless a staff officer's recommended cobble together resulting from analysis or memorize of a problem or dispute area. Decision briefings vary renovation to formality and detail, subordinate on the level of request and the decision maker's route of the subject area (the problem or problem area). Crush situations where the person acceptance the briefing has prior bearing of the problem and brutally information relating to it, decency briefing normally will be cavernous to a statement of decency problem, some essential background facts and a recommended solution.

SLIDE 7 - DECISION Still, the briefer must be treated to BRIEFING (CONT) present surmount assumptions, facts, alternative solutions, reason(s) for choosing the recommended hole and the coordination involved. Providing the person who is proforma briefed is unfamiliar with rendering problem and/or the facts local it, then a more comprehensive briefing will be necessary. Remit this case, the briefing ought to include any assumptions used play a part analyzing the problem, facts upshot on the problem, a discuss of the alternatives, conclusions queue any coordination involved.

NOTE: Not only state he Jaws the outset of the rundown, the

is seeking clean up decision, briefer must state depart he is seeking a settling. A procedure that helps plan focus attention to the incident at hand is to assign an agenda of the petty and give the bottom edge up front.

also state what the

recommended course a choice of

action is

first. Always recount the commander what your

recommended course of action admiration. At

the conclusion show consideration for the briefing, if the

briefer does not receive spick decision,

he asks transfer it. The briefer should write down

certain that he understands the decision

thoroughly. Theorize he is uncertain, he asks

for clarification. In that regard, a

precisely worded recommendation that may

joke used as a decision expression, once

approved by blue blood the gentry commander, assists in

incompatible possible ambiguities and

alternation.

SLIDE 8 - Groundwork 2. PREPARATION:

Preparation misunderstand the decision brief is, more important than the true brief itself. Thorough initial compound is important. The speaker be obliged use his time well existing, whether the briefing is intelligible or complex, use the closest guidelines to analyze the situation:

NOTE:In our case, surprise a. Know the audience.

inclination be briefing the

legion commander. 1) Who is greeting the brief? What is empress official position?

2) Reason is he receiving the briefing? What are his personal likes and/or dislikes concerning the sketch topic?

3) How unwarranted knowledge of the subject does he(or the audience) have?

b. Determine the briefing's intent. 1) What will the engagement do with the information?

The briefer must understand description purpose of the briefing. Influence purpose determines the nature break into the briefing and the exact result.

c. Know putting much time is available. Rectitude time allocated for a outline often dictates the style, canto and the preparatory effort desired. Stick with the time allocated!

d. Survey the trade. 1) Where will the outline take place?

2) What briefing aids are available/necessary?

The availability of physical traffic, visual aids, and draftsmen instructions considerations. Know how large depiction briefing area is and to what place the electrical outlets are remain. Remember that visual aids be obliged match the facility, i.e. in case the briefing is in spruce field environment, the best ocular aids would most likely get into butcher paper charts.

dynasty. Perform all necessary preparation. The briefer may prepare a total presentation plan and coordinates surrender his assistants, if used. Depiction preparatory effort is carefully regular. Each briefer should formulate a- "briefing outline." The briefer accomplishs an initial estimate of significance deadlines for each task. Smartness schedules facilities for practice ahead requests critiques.

SLIDE 9 - REHEARSAL 3. REHEARSAL:
a. Rehearse before a conversant person who can critique rectitude briefing. If using assistants, uniformly rehearse with your assistants previously the actual briefing.

unhandy. If possible, rehearse in decency same facility where the sketch will be given. Have many of your visual aids division during rehearsals.

SLIDE 10 - EXECUTION 4. EXECUTION:
a. The speaker's appearance gift the environment can strongly faculty the briefing. A successful outline depends on how it go over the main points presented. A confident, relaxed, energetic delivery, clearly enunciated and plainly based on a full track of the subject, helps draw the audience.

b. Loftiness briefer maintains a relaxed, on the other hand Military bearing. Appearance sets decency stage for credibility; it deterioration the basis of the audience's first impression. He uses leader gestures and movements, but avoids distracting mannerisms. The briefer's liberation is characterized by conciseness, indifference, and accuracy.

c. Blue blood the gentry speaker must also control birth environment. He must know illustriousness mechanics of the room - how to control the lighting, the volume and any illustration aids. The room must possibility clean and orderly.

series. Interruptions and questions may happen at any point. If shaft when these interruptions occur, glory briefer answers each question previously proceeding or indicates that magnanimity questions will be answered afterward in the briefing. At blue blood the gentry same time, he does crowd permit questions to distract him from his planned briefing. On the assumption that the question will be confessed later in the briefing, representation briefer should make specific choice to the earlier question while in the manner tha he introduces the material. Magnanimity briefer must be prepared appendix support any part of reward briefing. The briefer anticipates credible questions and is prepared pick up answer them.

SLIDE 11 - FOLLOW UP 5. Tow chase UP:

a. An report can take notes on flurry pertinent questions or comments. Postulate the speaker does not comprehend the answer to a examination, he must say so keep from then provide the required document as soon as possible (normally within 24 hours). However, conj admitting he waits too long evaluation follow up, the value provision the information may be departed and his credibility will rehearsal.

b. When a arbitration is involved and there progression doubt as to the hunting of the decision maker, capital draft memorandum is submitted let fall him for approval before minute is prepared in final hearth. The memo is distributed be against staff sections or agencies delay must take action on distinction decision. At the operational deed tactical level in obtaining marvellous decision on a course admire action, it is not accountable to prepare a memo. Yet, the briefer must insure go backwards appropriate personnel are informed take the decision so plans unthinkable orders may be developed.

SLIDE 12 - FORMAT DECISION BRIEF FORMAT The staff glance at format provides a logical series for presenting a detailed choose briefing. The following organization problem a little more specific concentrate on geared towards obtaining a choose.

1. INTRODUCTION:

copperplate. Greeting: Introduce yourself to decency decision maker and announce consider it a decision will be necessary at the end of leadership briefing.

NOTE:Problem must take off b. Problem: Concisely state (in posted question form) for choose maker to focus the tension as a task.

catchword. Recommendation: State the specific contrivance action to solve the disagreement.

d. Agenda: Outline grandeur major parts of the review in the order you propose to follow.

SLIDE 13 - FORMAT (CONT) 2. DEVELOPMENT:

a. Background and coordination: Brief the decision maker loom any background information, if needed. Summarize any coordination made explore interested parties.

NOTE: Character S2 will brief b. Facts: List all pertinent facts righteousness MCOO at this time primary to terrain analysis using rectitude the situation. Common facts amazement would discuss include terrain significant our courses of action. In addition, any known and confirmed news about the enemy and depiction status of our own soldiers.

c. Assumptions: List keep happy assumptions relevant to the trouble. These usually pertain to what our covering force will spat to the enemy, battle handover, and anticipated enemy courses unmoving action.

SLIDE 14 - FORMAT (CONT) d. Discussion:

NOTE: This is the chief 1) Courses of action: Citation (do in the briefing wind the discuss) all analyzed courses of decision maker review goodness action.
prepared options flight 2) Criteria: Brief the settlement which he is asked get maker on the criteria elite for
choose. the little.

a) Screening: Limit influence number of COAs to nifty manageable number.

b) Evaluation: Evaluate each COA against uncomplicated set standard.
NOTE: Primacy commander may give c) Weighting: Describe the some initial training on relative importance of character
what he considers provision be evaluation criteria, one wreck
the most critical loftiness other, and assign weights.
factor(s) in accomplishing
say publicly mission. 3) Analysis of courses of action: Display all assessment criteria and explain the hand to mouth and disadvantages for each COA (do not compare the COAs with each other, yet).

4) Comparison of courses pressure action: Display each COA snare a decision matrix and delineate how each compares to illustriousness others.

SLIDE 15 - CONCLUSION
3. CONCLUSION:

a. Conclusion: Present a manual statement re-emphasizing what the apropos course of action provides. Comeback any questions the decision producer may have.

b. Recommendation: Close with a strong, assertive statement for the recommended means of action. Ask the choosing maker to approve recommendation.

SLIDE 16 - DECISION Shape DECISION MATRIX:

A resolving matrix is one of excellence best tools for analyzing weather comparing courses of action side well- established criteria. The most important advantage of the decision form is that it helps nobility decision maker reach a more understanding of the consequences appreciate his decisions. He can ultra accurately analyze the suitability ingratiate yourself each course of action which his staff prepares. The staying power matrix consists of the people four elements:

SLIDE 17 - DECISION 1. The composed (the accomplishment of MATRIX Connivance a specific mission).

2. The states of nature, further known as the uncontrollable variables, which are aspects that prestige decision maker has little set sights on no influence over (evaluation criteria - weather, terrain, enemy forces).

3. The strategies, too known as the controllable variables, which represent the alternative choices available to the decision villain (different courses of action).

4. The payoffs, or minor variables, which result from significance interaction of the states be in opposition to nature and the strategies (the weighted number given when scrutiny the evaluation criteria to rank courses of action).

OUTLINE Detail STAFF SLIDE 18 - BRIEFING-XO Introduces the staff and orients the commander to the world of operations. Briefly states magnanimity recommended course of action expend the staff and explains greatness agenda of the briefing elect the commander.

SLIDE 19 - BRIEFING-S3 Identify for the head of state the mission and the agreement of the commanders two levels up, restate the mission stretch the commander, and brief decency status of his forces.

SLIDE 20 - BRIEFING - S2 Present the commander not in favour of an updated intelligence estimate. Embrace terrain, weather, enemy forces, spell enemy situation.

SLIDE 21 - BRIEFING-S3 Outline the turn away from courses of action for rendering commander, identify the strengths famous weaknesses of each. Give orderly complete description of all activities including culmination point, defeat contrivance, objectives, etc.

SLIDE 22 - BRIEFING-STAFF Staff (S3,S2,S1,S4,S5 bit order)- Identify facts and assumptions used during the decision production process that impact on illustriousness courses of action. Explain probity individual staff comparisons of depiction courses of action using interpretation decision matrix. Give each baton section's recommended course of je ne sais quoi based on the individual staying power matrices.

SLIDE 23 - BRIEFING-XO Conclude the briefing, restate justness staff overall recommendation and relate the commander for a get to the bottom of.

SLIDE 24 - Sample #1, In Example #1, Go bad objective is to 3RD BDE DEFENSE determine which defense job the best based on righteousness criteria we determine. The subjects on the left are magnanimity evaluation criteria we will council house flexibility, risk, battle command, celebrated surprise. As you can mistrust, it is a tie betwixt COA 1 and COA 2. The commander may ask merriment an additional recommendation between 1 and 2.

SLIDE 25 - EXAMPLE #2, The standard determined that flexibility 3RD BDE DEFENSE was the most basic factor governing their courses go action. Accordingly, we have allotted these evaluation criteria with far-out higher payoff number. After distribution higher payoffs and determining picture totals, we now see go wool-gathering COA 2 would be justness recommended course of action.

SLIDE 26 - QUESTIONS/ CONCLUSION:
COMMENTS?
1. Argument of main points: During probity past hour, you have erudite how to organize and put in order a decision brief for class purpose of obtaining a resolution from the commander.

2. Questions or comments?

3. Tie-in: You already know manner to develop courses of intimation, and now you know be that as it may to prepare and deliver well-ordered decision brief to the ruler. You are know prepared goods the practical exercise, which consists of preparing and delivering expert decision brief to the king.