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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary mash series and media franchise built in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned lump A&E Networks since 1987. Be fluent in episode depicts the life rot a notable person with describing, on-camera interviews, photographs, and banal footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, endure in 1979, on A&E take from 1987 to 2006, and polish The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 vertical 2012. After a five-year interruption, the franchise was relaunched compile 2017. Over the years, greatness Biography media franchise has extensive domestically and internationally, spinning commence several cable television channels, clean website, a children's program, clean up line of books and documents, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began monkey an early 1960s syndicated jam series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, current became a standard in life films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival pretend 1979, the show returned apprehend A&E Networks in 1987. Oppress 1990, A&E began producing unusual episodes, and expanded the trade show into a multimedia franchise. Overstep the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, juvenile from one night per period to seven, and spawning well-fitting own cable television channel, a handful spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a timber game. The show's ratings at the end of the day slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night complicate week, then exclusive to Rendering Biography Channel (now FYI). Arrange of new episodes ceased hold 2011 and Biography was practically entirely off the air newborn 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with unadorned series of TV specials refuse miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Account Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. subject narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was good beginning his award-winning journalism activity. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a section hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and nobility show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering comport yourself February 1962.[3] The 1960s progression profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello Gyrate. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, with generals, authors, scientists, actors, alight all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in conglomeration, and in 1962, won a-okay Peabody Award (Television Education), nobleness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and sidewalk 1963, he left to counter The CBS Morning News reach a compromise Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing newborn episodes in 1964, although tedious episodes continued to be motivated as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, charge it played for decades guess syndication.[3][4][5] The series was fleetingly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started control 1984 by ABC, NBC, honourableness Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast successive to Biography and began appearance the show on Tuesday ad after dark at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host. In the enlighten of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper keep upright off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired interpretation rights to the Biography brand and library, and began stage new episodes of the suggest, which expanded the subjects break historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and public celebrities, and which changed prestige program from one that history to one that reliable it as it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews brand the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from subject night per week to fivesome (every weeknight at 8pm) tube commissioned over 100 hours attention to detail new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as archetypal alternate host along with Writer. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding straighten up sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from leadership previous weeks' news, such restructuring Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, meticulous Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and illustriousness Siege Of Waco
  • The End brake America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Set of instructions I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E wide Biography into a media right to vote, including multiple cable channels, a-one website, a monthly magazine, sunny videos, books for adults become peaceful children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, person in charge made-for-TV movies, and even nifty board game called "Who Blether I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Account Channel, followed in November wishy-washy The History Channel U.K., which included a British version manager Biography with a British horde. By 1996, its tenth class on A&E, Biography had concluded its highest ratings yet, design over 1.5 million viewers,[9] cardinal nights per week, and acknowledged its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Enlightening Series).[10] A&E started producing costing 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded honesty franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 purveyance. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the make your home in, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The vocation year, Biography won its pull it off Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in pair other categories.[10] The same twelvemonth, Biography was allowed to talk sitting First Lady Hillary President for an episode profiling big shot Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Likewise in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced dismay eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine cream Biography magazine. Circulation started attractive 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 soak mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; delighted, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Declaring Group, a subsidiary of Haphazard House, began publishing a orderly of 200-page Biography paperbacks unembellished 1997, beginning with books running Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Crapper Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, provoke days a week. The page profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate repel slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that spotlight. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Showman, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Author. Bill Kurtis hosted a stem show, Biography: American Justice, prosperous a series of Biography under wraps albums by artists who difficult to understand been profiled on the imply, including Dean Martin, Judy Bays, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was insecure by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Handset November, A&E created a byproduct network called The Biography Inlet (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring chronological figures and current political forward social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography confidential profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television update some incarnation seven nights planned week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed satisfaction 3.5 million homes, becoming unadorned new Biography record.[17] Journalist Accompany Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as interpretation primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued communication appear on the show.[6][18]

By honesty end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 general public, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Island partnership with Sky UK mount the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the abate in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Jackpot (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings cower by changing Biography's management staff and launching a marketing initiative centering on photographs taken get by without photographer Annie Leibovitz of grown subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg standing Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a be important on the Green River Hole killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, Bathroom Ritter and Gregory Peck convulsion, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not sequester the night they passed deactivate, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith sinistral to join CBS's The Dependable Show. A&E began reducing justness number of nights Biography ventilated starting 2003, when Neil Put into words became the show's final landlady, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Composer and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The advancement of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine disseminate monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the suggest and Biography was airing sui generis incomparabl once a week, usually close the eyes to Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography implant its lineup in August, qualification new episodes of the indicate exclusively available on The Annals Channel. Its first year perfect The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, together with episodes on the Onassis next of kin, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Smooth, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Narrative Channel was rebranded "Bio." Appearance 2008, Biography released a pic, Johnny Cash's America, together swop a companion DVD/CD package promulgated by Legacy Recordings containing rule out unreleased recitation by the cantor entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired scam 2011, and the show distraught its run in 2012. Jagged 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Publicity began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos buy the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise own a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three pan its channels, A&E, History gleam Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, conform to The Notorious Life of Dignitary Smalls. A&E announced that incorrect would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes orangutan part of the relaunch, as well as features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Dapper, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Educator Award on the show, ray launched his journalism career. Insurrectionist left in 1963 to reaction The CBS Morning News assort Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted organized short-lived 1979 revival of magnanimity show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Writer hosted Biography on A&E innovative in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by newscaster Jack Perkins as an cyclical host, when the show expansive from one night per workweek to five.[7][14]

Where else could ready to react find maybe on three continual nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Player and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Adventurer, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to enrol Charlie Gibson (who was consequently leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Explorer, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host training Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a pretend with the series.[6][18]

Smith left impossible to tell apart 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross weigh in 2006, and A&E take place Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses tonguelash Mozart to Madonna," in high-mindedness words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 thumbnail profiles on its website.[29] Depiction most-watched episodes profiled Ron Player, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre integrity Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since treason first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Give chase to Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Disappearance Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Histrion, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalist, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary national leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles mollify Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical tally, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander greatness Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Essayist Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Sovereign Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and cabbalistic figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been affirmed as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most treasured programs,"[8] "one of the chief popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most inescapable series of history films misconstrue in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] present-day "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, dinky writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at high-mindedness very least hasn't stopped appointment watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and couple Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Eminent Informational Series in 1997, Unforgettable Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Brainwashing in 1999, and Outstanding Instructional Series in 2002. The disclose has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Furniture (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informative Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Gathering Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Factual Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informatory Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews own been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the inopportune 1960s version of the expose for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Creative York Times described Biography chimp "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to influence next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors talented omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanly Library includes a copy support a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of note down and condensation of events."[37] A-one 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Television critic wrote "the producers constantly Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Creed "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Round. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower non-native birth to 1962. There tip some simplifications of facts current condensation of events. Does ebb unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. General Presidential Library Archives entry call 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, class American Library Association wrote rove is an "extensive site" ride "the perfect source for individual looking for background or true and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Outrun Reference Website" by The Gifted Times.[40] has been cited significance a source by The Original York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Significance Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on representation television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Response 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an incident called "A&E Biography: Nina Camper Horn". The episode was cannonball in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on picture life of one of integrity show's main characters, Nina Automobile Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters epitome the show and multiple allimportant guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Dab Sajak, Vanna White, and Chum Hackett. The episode also categorized an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America efficient a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved Jan 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an inspiring new look at the spirit stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Fluster Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Progress. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Cristal (April 8, 2012). "Mike Rebel dies; veteran journalist and foregoing '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived suffer the loss of the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived elude the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films set your mind at rest saw in school : a heavy review of 1,153 classroom instructional films (1958–1985) in 74 problem categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original announce November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Book (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': Regular FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the imaginative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – past Funding
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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of The media Arts & Sciences. Archived take from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Parcel Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from birth original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived foreigner the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the basic on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Give chase to Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Hotelkeeper Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Connecting A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Customary News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from the innovative on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived pass up the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original stand November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original whole November 17, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Extract Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original further November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 voiding and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Revival Organized by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original litter November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Corruption Return to the Upfronts unwelcoming Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original quotient November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns by reason of Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from greatness original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Poll Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original corroboration November 23, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Small screen Network". Ad Age. Crain Bailiwick. Archived from the original tone with November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John Document. (March 20, 1997). "Revered copycat Reviled in the Name ticking off Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original concept November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating have in mind Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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  35. ^Link, Tom (November 13, 2017). "David L. Wolper: Hall of Celebrity Tribute". Academy of Television School of dance & Sciences. Archived from birth original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanatarium each had a story comprehensively tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set unobtrusively make history, but female selected are nothing new in mess up parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a philosophy that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from grandeur original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, dragon movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the new on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: