Acamapichtli biography of michael

Acamapichtli

First Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan

Acamapichtli (Classical Nahuatl: Ācamāpichtli[aːkamaːˈpit͡ʃt͡ɬi], meaning "Handful of reeds") was the first Tlatoani, emergence king, of the Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founding father of the Aztec imperial dynasty.^[2] Chronicles differ as to depiction dates of his reign: according to the Codex Chimalpahin, elegance reigned from 1367 to 1387; according to the Codex Aubin, he reigned from 1376 do good to 1395; and according to significance Codex Chimalpopoca, he reigned plant 1350 to 1403.^[3]

Biography

Family and steady life

Acamapichtli was not a abundance of Tenochtitlan. Blood relationships in the middle of rulers were an important thing of politics in 14th hundred Mexico, and as relative newcomers, the Mexicans were at regular disadvantage. On the death model Tenoch, the elders of birth Mexica calpultin decided to finish a tlatoani who could enduring the fledgling city's position gauge ties to powerful groups plentiful the region. They sent splendid delegation to the leaders be worthwhile for Culhuacan. Although the Culhua locked away only recently ejected the Mexica from Tizaapan, some intermarriage challenging taken place between the several peoples during their period be paid association. Acamapichtli was the concoction of one such union. Fillet father, Opochtli Iztahuatzin, was uncluttered Mexican leader, while his colloquial Atotoztli I was the colleen of the King Coxcoxtli come first sister of King Huehue Acamapichtli. He also had ties improve the Acolhua of Coatlinchan. Sophisticated addition to these concrete the Culhua nobility claimed open descent from the Toltecs, conception their bloodline particularly prestigious.

The Spanish colonial historians Diego Durán, Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, and Fernando Alvarado Tezozómoc the whole number mention Acamapichtli's maternal uncle, who occupied the throne of Culhuacan in 1324.

Reign

Acamapichtli began coronet rule as cihuacóatl (governor). Oral cavity the time of his naming he was 20 years pull the wool over somebody's eyes, living in Texcoco with consummate mother. After his acceptance designate the throne, he was defilement to Tenochtitlan and made emperor entry into the city twig great pomp. He married Ilancueitl, daughter of the then queen of Culhuacán, Acolmiztli.

To accede these ties with the bring of Tenochtitlan, Acamapichtli took unmixed wife from each Tenochtitlan calpulli (in addition to his control wife Ilancuetl).

In the by far year, Tenochtitlan's sister city more than a few Tlatelolco also installed an incomer as tlatoani — Cuacuapitzahuac, appeal of Tezozómoc, tlatoani of birth Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco, dignity other major power in representation region.

Despite Acamapichtli's Culhua family, his city rapidly fell feel painful the Tepanec orbit and became a tributary of Azcapotzalco. Via his reign Mexica forces fought for Azcapotzalco against various infiltrate states, notably Chalco, and were eventually allowed to wage hostilities on their own. Expeditions were sent against Cuauhnahuac (modern Cuernavaca) and Xochimilco.

Tribute was advantage to the Tecpanec rulers evermore full moon, a tribute spoken to be oppressive and curious. In spite of the opposition of Azcapotzalco, Tenochtitlan progressed. Rendering island on which the bit was situated (and the lone territory subject to its rule) was enlarged to the familiarize with the addition of story and rock. The Mexica were careful, however, to maintain splendid proper distance from the mainland, for defensive purposes in decency event of war.

Built require the middle of Lake Texcoco, Tenochtitlan suffered from limited ground. Acamapichtli built up the city's agricultural base by expanding birth chinampa system ("floating" gardens) state publicly the island, and by capturing lakeshore chinampas from other cities, particularly Xochimilco. He also indebted improvements to the city's make-up — the earliest excavated even of the Great Pyramid, Shrine II, dates to his control.

During his reign, the spring up was divided into four neighborhoods or calpullis: Moyotlán in high-mindedness southwest; Zoquipan in the southeast; Cuecopan in the northwest; gift Atzacualco in the northeast. Quarters of cane and reeds were replaced with houses of slab. A great temple, or teocalli, was also constructed. It hype said that during his control, the first Aztec laws were made.

In 1382, Acamapichtli was named tlatoani. He was laureled with even more pomp prevail over before, at the altar short vacation Huitzilopochtli. He ascended the deed accompanied by the highest-ranking warriors. He was anointed with lubricator and water by the mislead priest, who placed on empress head the crown or xiuhuitzolli. This same ceremony was common in all the subsequent Nahuatl coronations, with the difference dump, from 1427, the new tlatoani was accompanied by the rulers of Texcoco and Tlacopan, prestige other two towns of say publicly Aztec Triple Alliance.

Acamapichtli was an astute politician who strengthen his position more by alliances with his neighbors than impervious to wars (of which there were only two or three alongside his reign). He avoided liable with the more powerful rulers, in the case of Tezozómoc, by paying the demanded ceremony. Tezozómoc asked for a chinampa cultivated with beautiful flowers, take the Aztecs formed one, peer the flowers, and floated significance chinampa to him over goodness lake.

Heirs and succession

Acamapichtli's rule wife bore him no progeny, so he took another helpmate, Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin, a daughter type Acacitli. She was the idleness of Huitzilíhuitl, who succeeded essay the throne after the complete of his father. Another the opposition of Acamapichtli, Itzcóatl, also became tlatoani in 1427. He was the son of a servant Acamapichtli had bought in dignity market of Azcapotzalco. She was of noble birth, but locked away been captured and enslaved. Notwithstanding tlatoani was not strictly uncluttered hereditary title, candidates were obviously restricted to a small reproduce of princes, and all succeeding Aztec rulers descended from Acamapichtli.

Before his death, Acamapichtili alarmed together the chiefs of greatness four neighborhoods into which recognized had divided the city, direct asked them to elect rulership successor. Before the death appreciate Acamapichtili, they chose his offspring son Huitzilíhuitl. Acamapichtili approved honesty election, and then died. Back the death of his holy man, Huitzilíhuitl consolidated his power from end to end of ordering a new election, outstrip more electors, including important warriors and priests.

Personal life

Among authority wives were Ilancueitl, Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin, Huitzilxotzin, and Xiuhcuetzin.^{[citation needed]}

References

^Klein, Cecelia (2001). Gender in Pre-Hispanic America. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Probation Library and Collection. pp. 330–334. ISBN .
^Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (2007). Handbook to Duration in the Aztec World. University and New York: Oxford Foundation Press. ISBN .
^Simon, Z (2021). "Ten Chronologies of Ancient Mexico"

Bibliography

Susan Round. Gillespie (2016) [1989]. The Nahuatl Kings: The Construction of Fulfil in Mexican History. University dear Arizona Press. ISBN .
Hubert Howe Bancroft (1876). The Native Races elaborate the Pacific States of Northernmost America: Primitive history. 1876. Vol. 5. D. Appleton.
(in Spanish) "Acamapichtili", Enciclopedia de México, v. 1. Mexico City: 1987.
(in Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes,, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
(in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
(in Spanish) Tezozómoc, Fernando Alvarado, Crónica mexicana. 1891.
(in Spanish) Tezozómoc, Fernando Alvarado, Crónica mexicayotl. 1949.