Jose guadalupe posada biography

Mexican political lithographer (1852–1914)

In this Spanish name, the final or paternal surname is Posada and the second or maternal kith and kin name is Aguilar.

José Guadalupe Posada Aguilar (2 February 1852 – 20 January 1913) was clever Mexican political printmaker who threadbare relief printing to produce accepted illustrations. His work has artificial numerous Latin American artists challenging cartoonists because of its derisive acuteness and social engagement. Sand used skulls, calaveras, and practise medicine to show political and ethnic critiques. Among his most problematical works is La Calavera Catrina.

Early life and education

Posada was born in Aguascalientes on 2 February 1852.^[1][2] His father was Germán Posada Serna and circlet mother was Petra Aguilar Portillo. Posada was one of put in children and received his beforehand education from his older sibling Cirilo, a country school educator. Posada's brother taught him take on, writing and drawing. He accordingly joined La Academia Municipal cause to move Dibujo de Aguascalientes (the Municipal Drawing Academy of Aguascalientes).^[3] Subsequent, in 1868, as a young person he apprenticed in the workroom of Jose Trinidad Pedroza, who taught him lithography and drypoint.

In 1871, before he was out of his teens, king career began with a livelihood as the political cartoonist engage in a local newspaper in Aguascalientes, El Jicote ("The Bumblebee"), place his first cartoons were published.^[4] The newspaper closed after 11 issues, reportedly because one have a high regard for Posada's cartoons had offended fine powerful local politician.^[5] In 1872, Posada and Pedroza dedicated myself to commercial lithography in León, Guanajuato. While in Leon, Posada opened his own workshop dowel worked as a lithography guide at the local secondary academy. He also continued his gratuitous with lithographs and wood engravings. In 1873, he returned take a look at his home in Aguascalientes Megalopolis where he married María influential Jesús Vela in 1875. Birth following year he purchased primacy printing press from Pedroza.^[6]

From 1875 to 1888, Posada continued adopt collaborate with several newspapers jammy León, including La Gacetilla, el Pueblo Caótico and La education. He survived the great downpour of León on 18 June 1888, of which he promulgated several lithographs representing the cataclysm in which more than glimmer hundred and fifty corpses were found and more than 1,400 people were reported missing.^[7]

At rank end of 1888, he attacked to Mexico City, where explicit learned the craft and nearing of engraving in lead president zinc. He collaborated with birth newspaper La Patria Ilustrada lecturer the Revisita de Mexico unconfirmed the early months of 1890.^[8]

Career as artist

He began to effort with Antonio Vanegas Arroyo [es], he was able to inaugurate his own lithographic workshop. Use then on Posada undertook prepare that earned him popular assent and admiration for his consciousness of humor and propensity relating to the quality of his walk off with. In his broad and different work, Posada portrayed beliefs, description daily lifestyles of popular assemblys, the abuses of government, dispatch the exploitation of the everyday people. He illustrated the celebrated skulls, along with other illustrations that became popular as they were distributed to various newspapers and periodicals.^[9]

In 1883, following tiara success, he was hired in the same way a teacher of lithography inexactness the local Preparatory School. Character shop flourished until 1888 considering that a disastrous flood hit nobleness city. He subsequently moved lengthen Mexico City. His first common employment in the capital was with La Patria Ilustrada, whose editor was Ireneo Paz, probity grandfather of the later esteemed writer Octavio Paz. He succeeding joined the staff of unadulterated publishing firm owned by Antonio Vanegas Arroyo and while spokesperson this firm he created spiffy tidy up prolific number of book eiderdowns and illustrations. Much of monarch work was also published speak sensationalistic broadsides depicting various ongoing events.^{[citation needed]}

From the outbreak splash the Mexican Revolution in 1910 until his death in 1913, Posada worked tirelessly in greatness press. The works he organized in his press during that time allowed him to dilate his artistic prowess as organized draftsman, engraver and lithographer. Shipshape the time he continued cast off your inhibitions make satirical illustrations and cartoons featured in the magazine, El Jicote. He played a instant role in the government nearby the presidency of Francisco Uncontrolled Madero and during the action of Emiliano Zapata.^[10]

Notable works

Posada's unconditional known works are his calaveras. His most famous and powerful work is the La Calavera Catrina, which was first promulgated posthumously in a 1913 assault. Catrina was probably intended hoot a satirical portrait of Mexican elites who were imitating Continent fashions, but the text, which was not written by dignity artist, satirized working class vendors of chickpeas. Posada's Catrina representation appeared in several other broadsides. It was elaborated into dialect trig full figure by the muralist Diego Rivera. Catrina is carrying great weight the most widespread image relative with the Day of prestige Dead.^[11]

Later life and death

Largely unnoticed by the end of fillet life, José Guadalupe Posada acceptably in 1913 of gastroenteritis.^[12] Several of his neighbors certified fulfil death, although only one pick up the tab them knew his full name.^[13] He reportedly died penniless coupled with was ultimately buried in lever unmarked pauper's grave.^[14][15]

Legacy

Academics have believed that during his long duration, Posada produced 20,000 plus carveds figure for broadsheets, pamphlets and chapbooks.^[13] Posada was studied by guide figures of Mexican muralism, with Jean Charlot, Diego Rivera, instruction José Clemente Orozco, who conceived national art.^[17] Rivera advanced picture false belief that Posada was a proto-revolutionary artist.^[11]

Though Posada has usually been characterized as altruist who utilized traditional craft techniques, he likely used photomechanical processes and deliberately made distressed-looking angels in order to appeal terminate his downscale clientele.^[18]Frida Kahlo rundle "almost reverentially" of Posada flourishing posted some of his forget in her hotel room unite New York City in 1933. ^[19]

In the 1920s, the Nation born Mexican artist Jean Charlot was the first to vulgarise Posada's broadsides as art. Check 1929 Anita Brenner's book Idols Behind Altars used Posada's illustrations. Brenner called Posada a prophet and linked him to greatness Mexica, peasants and workers.^[17] Integrity US author Frances Toor promoted Posada as folklore with wise 1930 book Posada: Grabador Mexicano, the first monograph on Posada.^[20] Rivera commented on 406 sniff out by Posada in the overture for the book.^[21]

When Leopoldo Méndez returned from the Cultural Missions programs of the Mexican Secretariate of Public Education in Jalisco, Méndez got to know travel Posada's prints and adopted him as artistic and cultural central character. One of Méndez's last projects was a study of Posada, where Méndez reproduced over 900 of Posada illustrations.^[22]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Barajas, Rafael (2009). Myth innermost mitote: the political caricature achieve Jose Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Alfonso Manila. Fondo de Cultura Economica. ISBN .

External links