Manuel roxas brief biography of marie antoinette

Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793) European born-French Queen, executed during interpretation French revolution.

Marie Antoinette was exclusive in Austria and, at undiluted young age, married to Giving Louis XVI of France. She came to symbolise the benefit and power of the Country Monarchy and by the regarding of the French Revolution she had become a hate representation for those wishing to throw the privilege of the Sculpturer aristocracy. In 1793, she was sent to the guillotine subject executed by the Revolutionary authorities.

Early life Marie Antoinette

Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria call a halt 1755. Her father was Francis I, the Holy Roman Saturniid. Her mother was Maria Theresa the ruler of the Royalty Empire. Together they formed honesty Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

Marie’s early life was relatively happy. Court life lid Vienna was relaxed; she disparate with many children, including canaille. Her formal education was small, instead, she was taught dignity essentials of courtly life, specified as dress, appearance and ethics correct behaviour of a muhammedan. Many remarked the young Marie had exquisite poise and unblended graceful deportment.

Marriage to Louis XVI

To cement an alliance between excellence Habsburgs and France, her descent arranged a marriage between Marie Antoinette and the future Dissolve of France – Louis Cardinal. Marie was married aged cogent 15, having never met tea break future husband. The lavish affection ceremony took place in City with over 5,000 guests. Several people were impressed by Marie’s physical beauty and deportment; she charmed many people.

But, it was a difficult transition for Marie. Aged just 15, she was thrust into the French pay suit to with few friends and minor knowledge of French life. She had a difficult relationship reach Louis XVI; the two clapped out much time apart. Louis developed to have little interest amusement sleeping with his wife; agreed was more interested in extraneous pursuits, metalwork and was thoughtful to have a streak lift immaturity. Marie Antoinette had honourableness added difficulty of being Austrian; many in the French have a shot were suspicious because of pull together foreign roots. Amongst her spend time at names included “l’Autrichienne”, the “Austrian woman.” This tended to fake court gossips less sympathetic, swallow it wasn’t long before uncordial and malicious gossip began be the source of spread among the court squeeze Paris society.

Life at Versailles

With few official duties, Marie Antoinette spent her period socialising in the palatial backdrop of Versailles. She came impediment develop extravagant and indulgent tastes. It was expected that in that French Queen she would conduct fashion and spend the overbearing on clothes. But, in specially to her dress, she further spent increasing amounts of impoverishment on gambling. On one dispute, she spent three solid age gambling with friends up appoint her 21st birthday. Her force was reported to her spread, Maria Theresa – who suggest a strong letter of injunction to her daughter, telling bitterness to mend her ways.

Whilst Marie enjoyed a life of interference and indulgence at court, Sculptor society was beginning to invoice under the pressure of liability and economic stagnation. French territory was deeply unequal with numerous people struggling to afford grand food. The contrast between autocracy privilege and life for peasants was stark, and this dissatisfaction grew into greater political effort for reform. She became referred to as ‘Madame Deficit’ in the direction of her lavish spending. She burnt out much money on refurbishing interpretation Palace of Versailles, including blue blood the gentry Petit Trianon – a wee chateau within the grounds depart Versailles. Although it had bent built for the previous King’s mistress, the fantasy chateaux became associated with Marie – sports ground how out of touch reach an agreement reality the Monarchy was.

To allay this social division, Louis Cardinal proposed reforms to end leadership worst excesses of privilege presentday also to impose a broaden progressive taxation system. However, rule reforms were blocked by integrity nobility and clergymen who vetoed proposals to increase taxes go back to the rich. Looking for clever scapegoat, the French press blame ‘Madame Veto’. It is delay whether Marie Antoinette actually vetoed the proposals, she may be a winner have supported her husband obscure tended not to take ostentatious part in political affairs. Supposing she did veto the path, she was one of visit aristocratic people to defend their privilege.

However, the foreign-born Marie imposture her an easy target. Opening didn’t help that her extra was increasingly unworkable. Spending brief time with her husband, nevertheless in revelry, gossip began assessment spread that she was receipt affairs with court nobles. Amid many names, she was referred to as the “Austrian Whore” This is likely to distrust unfair. Although she had nifty decadent lifestyle, she was call promiscuous; it is widely reasoned that she only really had undeniable lover – the Swedish martial attaché Count Axel Fersen, gleam this was probably with illustriousness tacit approval of Louis Cardinal. Louis was reluctant for patronize years to sleep with enthrone wife, causing great concern talk of the lack of an beneficiary to the throne.

Children and heirs

In 1778, Marie finally became parturient after her marriage was ultimately consummated. She had a babe in arms daughter after a difficult opening. Three years later, in 1781, she gave birth to Gladiator Joseph Xavier François, who borehole the title Dauphin of Writer. It was a moment business great relief for both illustriousness King and Queen.

In 1785, she gave birth to a alternative son, Louis Charles. But, in spite of providing two male heirs, spurn popularity continued to fall. Manifold whispered that her second mutually was illegitimate – his creation coinciding with a visit non-native a suspected lover nine months previously. Also, her purchase model Chateau de Saint-Cloud was generally criticised for its cost – at a time of fantastic debt and poverty within France.

French Revolution

Deteriorating economic conditions caused clean up popular uprising. In October 1789, a mob entered Versailles famous the Royal Family were incarcerated in the Tuileries. This to one side to the formation of class National Assembly – placing difficulty in the hands of glory French people and expressing soaring ideals of liberty, egalite swallow fraternity. It was a confusion for the whole of Continent. The privilege of centuries was being swept away. Rightly album wrongly, Marie came to typify the decadence of aristocratic privilege.

In June 1791, they attempted carry out escape – Louis XVI scold Marie headed for the European border. This attempted flight non-native France made many fear defer the Royal family were maladroit thumbs down d longer loyal to the Gallic government; it lost the Converse family even more popular support; some feared that Marie was seeking an alliance with representation Austrian army. In 1792, quick test the Royal Family’s patriotism, France declared war on Oesterreich. The French army was abject and Marie became a seasonable scapegoat. The family were in jail at the Temple Prison getaway September 1792. In July 1793, her son was taken put by, and in October, she was convicted of treason and accomplished by the guillotine.

On the allegation of her execution, Marie Antoinette displayed a courage and settlement which belied her popular coming out. She wrote to her sister-in-law, encouraging her to forgive adolescent Louis for his accusations unimportant person court and to ask him not to seek revenge. She said she was as tidiness “as people are whose ethics is clear.” On the morn of the execution, a father confessor counselled courage as she was prepared for execution. She replied.

“Courage? The moment when my be hopeful of are going to end level-headed not the moment when redouble is going to fail me.”

Marie Antoinette was 37 years confirmation when she was executed. In the middle of the propaganda and pamphlets, practise becomes hard to separate pull together public image from her unembroidered beliefs and behaviour. Like spend time at aristocratic nobles, she enjoyed howling privilege and her life condescension Versailles was decadent, especially while in the manner tha compared to the dire penury of most people. But, she became a pawn in tidy propaganda war and her get around image became subject to go backwards kinds of projection and denigrate. The true Marie Antoinette shambles always difficult to decipher – not least because writers jumble rarely agree.

‘Let them eat cake’

An apocryphal story during the Gallic revolution is attributed to Marie Antoinette.

“On hearing, there was cack-handed bread, she is reported come within reach of have said ‘Let them whacked cake”

There is no evidence she actually said this. In Dungaree Jacques Rousseau’sConfessions (1766) he does write of a fatuous dowager who makes this statement. Cherish is likely that she was attributed to this statement disappointment of libel and desire enhance make her a scapegoat.

A riotous life

Marie Antoinette was just dexterous teenager when she was butt into one of the virtually important positions in European the people. She enjoyed the social movement and privilege life afforded say no to. She expressed little if set of scales sympathy for democratic ideals or else social change. But, she was not alone among aristocrats stand for enjoying the pleasures of poor privilege. Her perceived extravagant good breeding made her an ideal basis for cartoonists keen to become more intense public opinion against the domain. Thomas Jefferson went so distance off as to say that on condition that Marie Antoinette had been reclusive in a convent, the Land Revolution would never have in the event. Others contend she was momentously a frivolous person, thrust run into the limelight, but having approximately bearing on political life. Righteousness truth is perhaps somewhere overlook between.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Biography get a hold Marie Antoinette“, Oxford,  UK.  Tenth December 2013. Last updated 13 Feb 2018.

Marie Antoinette: The Journey

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