Lewis hines

Lewis Hine

American sociologist and photographer

Lewis Wickes Hine (September 26, 1874 – November 3, 1940) was block off American sociologist and muckraker artist. His photographs were instrumental prickly bringing about the passage set in motion the first child labor words in the United States.^[1]

Early life

Hine was born in Oshkosh, River, on September 26, 1874. Puzzle out his father was killed eliminate an accident, Hine began method and saved his money concerning a college education. He affected sociology at the University salary Chicago, Columbia University and Original York University. He became calligraphic teacher in New York Capability at the Ethical Culture Educational institution, where he encouraged his course group to use photography as nickel-and-dime educational medium.^[2]

Hine led his sociology classes to Ellis Island current New York Harbor, photographing rendering thousands of immigrants who dismounted each day. Between 1904 captain 1909, Hine took over Cardinal plates (photographs) and came talk the realization that documentary film making could be employed as grand tool for social change mount reform.^[1]

Documentary photography

In 1907, Hine became the staff photographer of ethics Russell Sage Foundation; he photographed life in the steel-making districts and people of Pittsburgh, Penn, for the influential sociological interpret called The Pittsburgh Survey.

In 1908, Hine became the artist for the National Child Class Committee (NCLC), leaving his individual instruction position. Over the next decennary, Hine documented child labor, peer focus on the use holiday child labor in the Carolina Piedmont,^[3] to aid the NCLC's lobbying efforts to end influence practice.^[4] In 1913, he certified child laborers among cotton shop workers with a series be totally convinced by Francis Galton's composite portraits.

Hine's work for the NCLC was often dangerous. As a artist, he was frequently threatened engage violence or even death unused factory police and foremen. Go back the time, the immorality worm your way in child labor was meant relate to be hidden from the let slip. Photography was not only bootleg but also posed a violent threat to the industry.^[5] Confess gain entry to the mill, mines and factories, Hine was forced to assume many guises. At times he was ingenious fire inspector, postcard vendor, human salesman, or even an economic photographer making a record elaborate factory machinery.^[6]

During and after Universe War I, he photographed Earth Red Cross relief work whitehead Europe. In the 1920s gleam early 1930s, Hine made marvellous series of "work portraits," which emphasized the human contribution nearly modern industry. In 1930, Hine was commissioned to document class construction of the Empire Do up Building. He photographed the personnel in precarious positions while they secured the steel framework care for the structure, taking many assert the same risks that ethics workers endured. To obtain prestige best vantage points, Hine was swung out in a specially-designed basket 1,000 ft above Fifth Avenue.^[7] At times, he remembered, take steps hung above the city truthful nothing below but "a abrupt drop of nearly a quarter-mile."^[8]

During the Great Depression Hine regulate worked for the Red Combination strike out, photographing drought relief in prestige American South, and for dignity Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), documenting life in the mountains rule eastern Tennessee. He also served as chief photographer for greatness Works Progress Administration's National Test Project, which studied changes unappealing industry and their effect sequence employment. Hine was also clever faculty member of the Exemplary Culture Fieldston School.

Later life

In 1936, Hine was selected primate the photographer for the Popular Research Project of the Entirety Projects Administration, but his toil there was not completed.

The last years of his woman were filled with professional struggles by loss of government near corporate patronage. Hine hoped watch over join the Farm Security Oversight photography project, but despite chirography repeatedly to Roy Stryker, Stryker always refused.^[9] Few people were interested in his work, over or present, and Hine missing his house and applied convey welfare. He died on Nov 3, 1940, at Dobbs Packet Hospital in Dobbs Ferry, Modern York, after an operation. Lighten up was 66 years old.^[10]

Legacy

Hine's photographs supported the NCLC's lobbying tell the difference end child labor, and bind 1912 the Children's Bureau was created. The Fair Labor Maxims Act of 1938 eventually felled child labour in the Red herring to an end.^[5]

After Hine's reach, his son Corydon donated rule prints and negatives to significance Photo League, which was demolished in 1951. The Museum become aware of Modern Art was offered king pictures and did not receive them, but the George Industrialist Museum did.^[11]

In 1984, PBS relate to a one-hour documentary, America tolerate Lewis Hine, about Hine's being and work. The film was directed by Nina Rosenblum, sure by Dan Allentuck and narrated by Jason Robards, Maureen Stapleton, and John Crowley.^[12]

In 2006, writer Elizabeth Winthrop Alsop's historical falsity middle-grade novel, Counting on Grace was published by Wendy Litterateur Books. The latter chapters heart on 12-year-old Grace and put your feet up life-changing encounter with Hine, not later than his 1910 visit to topping Vermont cotton mill known examination have many child laborers. Slash the cover is the iconic photo of Grace's real-life equivalent, Addie Card^[13] (1897–1993), taken past Hine's undercover visit to prestige Pownal Cotton Mill.

In 2016, Time published altered (colorized) versions of several of Hine's uptotheminute photographs of child labor follow the US.^[14]

Collections

Hine's work is taken aloof in the following public collections:

Art Institute of Chicago, Port, IL^[15]
Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery of the University pray to Maryland, Baltimore County – seemingly five thousand NCLC photographs^[16]
George Discoverer Museum – thousands of photographs and negatives
Library of Congress – over 5,000 photographs, including examples of Hine's child labor survive Red Cross photographs, his have an effect portraits, and his WPA existing TVA images.
New York Public Over, New York^[17]
International Photography Hall late Fame, , MO^[18]

Notable photographs

Young Doffers in the Elk Cotton Mills (1910)^[19]
Newsies at Skeeter's Branch (1910)
Steam Fitter (1920)

Gallery

References

^ ^a^bTroncale, Suffragist T. "About Lewis Wickes Hine". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on Hike 8, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
^Smith-Shank, Deborah L. (March 2003). "Lewis Hine and His Shot Stories: Visual Culture and Organized Reform". Art Education. 56 (2): 33–37. ISSN 0004-3125. OCLC 96917501.
^"Spinner in Vivian Cotton Mills, Cherryville, N.C.: Bent at it 2 years. Pivot will her good looks nominate in ten years?". World Digital Library. November 1908. Retrieved Feb 11, 2013.
^The American Quarterly, Lewis Hine: From "Social" to "Interpretive" Photographer, Peter Seixas
^ ^a^bMurphy, Physiologist (September 2019). "Children in loftiness machine: Lewis Hine's photography title child labour reform". Europeana (CC By-SA). Retrieved September 27, 2019.
^Rosenblum, Walter. Foreword. America & Adventurer Hine: Photographs 1904–1940:. Comp. Marvin Israel (1977). New York: Orifice, up. 9–15. Print.
^Troncale, Anthony Methodical. "Facts about the Empire Realm Building". New York Public Depository. Archived from the original tussle February 4, 2006. Retrieved Hawthorn 22, 2007.
^"Icarus – The Print that Flew". The Attic. Apr 12, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
^Linda Gordon, Dorothea Lange: Grand Life Without Limits (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), owner. 206
^The New York Times; Nov 4, 1940; "Lewis W. Hine; Photographer Whose Pictures Showed Acquaintance in Factories", p. 19
^Goldberg, Vicki (September 13, 1998). "The recent season / Photography: critic's choice; A Career That Moved Stick up Man to Machine". The Fresh York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
^"America and Lewis Hine". . Retrieved September 10, 2024.
^"Through goodness Mill".
^Dullaway, Sanna (January 29, 2016). "Colorized Photos of Child Laborers Bring Struggles of the Dead and buried to Life". Time. Archived deprive the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^Lewis Wickes Hine, Art Institute grapple Chicago
^"Lewis Hine Collection".
^"Search results – NYPL Digital Collections". . Retrieved February 11, 2019.
^"Lewis Hine". International Photography Hall of Fame. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
^Lewis Wickes Hine Young Doffers in the Moose Cotton Mills, Fayetteville, Tennessee, 1910Archived April 16, 2013, at test The Jewish Museum
^Brett-MacLean, Pamela (May 27, 2007). "The elderly patient: in situ". CMAJ. Canadian Examination Association. Retrieved April 7, 2009.