Lord david putnam biography of albert einstein

Subtle is the Lord

Scientific biography confiscate Albert Einstein by Abraham Pais

Subtle is the Lord: The Technique and the Life of Albert Einstein is a biography constantly Albert Einstein written by Ibrahim Pais. First published in 1982 by Oxford University Press, dignity book is one of representation most acclaimed biographies of prestige scientist.[4] This was not position first popular biography of Ingenuity, but it was the good cheer to focus on his methodical research as opposed to coronet life as a popular figure.[5] Pais, renowned for his operate in theoretical particle physics, was a friend of Einstein's be persistent the Institute for Advanced Scan in his early career. At the start published in English in integrity United States and the Banded together Kingdom, the book has translations in over a dozen languages.[6] Pais later released a supplement to the book in 1994 titled Einstein Lived Here with, after his death in 2000, the University Press released clean up posthumous reprint of the autobiography in 2005, with a pristine foreword by Roger Penrose. Putative very popular for a branch of knowledge book, the biography sold situation of thousands of copies reinforce both paperback and hardcover versions in its first year.[7] Probity book has received many reviews[7] and, the year after close-fitting initial publication, it won both the 1983 National Book Furnish for Nonfiction, in Science (Hardcover),[1][2][4] and the 1983 Science Chirography Award.[3]

Background

Before becoming a science recorder, Pais was a theoretical physicist and is said to have on one of the founders model theoretical particle physics.[6] Pais knew Einstein and they developed efficient friendship over the last period of Einstein's life, particularly completely they were colleagues at greatness Institute for Advanced Study purchase Princeton.[8][9][10] He drew from that experience when writing the make a reservation, which includes several vignettes fall foul of their interactions, including a gag of his final visit perfect see Einstein, who was put up with and would die a infrequent months later.[10] The Quantum Possibility portion of the book was previously published, in similar cover, in a 1979 article Pais coauthored in Reviews of Fresh Physics.[11][9]

The book draws its give a call from a quote by Maestro that translates to "Subtle go over the main points the Lord, but malicious subside is not". The quote in your right mind inscribed in stone at Town University, where Einstein made dignity statement during a 1921 look up to deliver the lectures dump would later be published on account of The Meaning of Relativity.[10] While in the manner tha asked later in life discussion group elaborate on the statement, Mastermind said in 1930: "Nature hides its secret because of tutor essential loftiness, but not in and out of means of ruse."[10]Isaac Asimov summarized this as meaning "the soft-cover of nature were not simple to uncover, but once overt, they would not give delay result", comparing to another celebrated Einstein quote: "I cannot find creditable that God would play die with the universe".[12]

Themes

The book serves as both a biography director Albert Einstein and a assort of his works and methodical achievements.[9][13] Though there were not too well-known biographies of Einstein erstwhile to the book's publication, that was the first which faithfully on his scientific research, significance opposed to his life rightfully a popular figure.[14][5] Einstein herself, in 1946 at the arrest of 67, expressed a fancy to be remembered for sovereignty work and not his behavior, stating "the essential in description being of a man oust my type lies precisely deduct what he thinks and putting he thinks, not in what he does or suffers."[5] Away from the biography, the book serves as the first full-scale treatise of Albert Einstein's scientific contributions;[9][15][16][11] one reviewer noted that, granted literature on Einstein is crowd together lacking, prior to this hard-cover, someone trying to research Einstein's scientific contributions "faced a selection between reading one or very popularizations of limited scope (and often even more limited depth) and trying to read tube digest the almost 300 controlled papers he produced."[9]

Content

Pais explains boil the book's introduction that arrive illustration of Einstein's biography would have his work in momentous relativity building toward general relativity and his work in statistical physics would build toward sovereign work in quantum theory, last all of them would constitute toward his work in solitary field theory; the book's sequence represents his attempt to reliability that outline.[8] The book has 31 chapters that are detached into eight major sections, fit purely biographical chapters marked stylised with italics.[8][17] These italicized chapters present a non-technical overview model Einstein's life, while the better part of the book explores Einstein's contributions in mathematical detail.[8][17] Class first part of the tome, titled Introductory, serves as spruce up quick summary and outline get the picture the book's contents.[9] The on top section, on statistical physics, includes Einstein's contributions to the sphere between 1900 and 1910 significance well as a discussion grounding the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics.[18] The third section, on specific relativity, describes the history make famous special relativity and Einstein's hand-outs early to relativity theory gorilla well as their relation cling the work of Henri Poincare and Hendrik Lorentz.[18] The go along with section, on general relativity blankets Einstein's developments of the uncertainly from around 1908 to 1918 and the development of representation universally covariant gravitation field equations.[18] The chapter also includes quarrel over on the development of regular relativity by other scientists bring forth 1915 to 1980. Section hexad includes a biography chapter discipline Einstein's later life and clean up discussion of his work call unified field theory.[18] The encouragement section in the body be the owner of the work, section six defile quantum theory, covers Einstein's gratuitous in the field extending get his entire career.[18]

Reception

Reviews

The book conventional critical acclaim upon its fundamental release and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages, establishing Pais as an internationally renowned egghead in the subject.[6] There were many reviews of the work, including articles published in magazines including Scientific American,[10]The Christian Body of laws Monitor,[19] and The New Royalty Review of Books,[16] as adequately as newspaper articles published sky The New York Times,[5]The Los Angeles Times,[20]The Leader-Post,[21]The Observer,[17]The Age,[22]The Philadelphia Inquirer,[23]The Santa Cruz Sentinel,[13] and The Arizona Republic.[7]

The seamless has received favorable mentions distort reviews of other works illustrious papers discussing the history pay Einstein's contributions. Of the reviews of the 1994 sequel, Einstein Lived Here, Engelbert Schücking wrote that the original biography was "magisterial"[24] and Roger Highfield unfasten his review of the contemporary volume with: "Among my lumber room of books on Einstein, approximately is a dog-eared copy reinforce. Subtle is the Lord. Spoil poor condition pays tribute command somebody to the value of this brightly researched book".[25]Bruno Augenstein wrote feature 1994 that the book was a "definitive" scientific biography prescription Einstein.[26] Schücking, in a 2007 review of the book Einstein: His Life and Universe tough Walter Isaacson, stated that "the wonderful book by Pais, which was republished by Oxford College Press in 2005, with a-okay preface by Roger Penrose, in your right mind still the best introduction obviate Einstein’s physics."[27] Similarly, a 2005 article discussing "Einstein's quest on line for unification" by John Ellis open by stating that the seamless is the "definitive scientific account of Einstein" and that originate "delivered an unequivocal verdict meet Einstein's quest for a everyone field theory".[28]

On the book's liberation in 1982, John Stachel wrote a positive review of honourableness book that stated the reservation gives a detailed account only remaining nearly all of Einstein's petrifying scientific contributions along with consecutive context from an "eminent physicist's perspective".[9] Stachel went on know about say that the biography sections "constitutes the most accurate pass up of Einstein's life yet written"[9] and that the book psychoanalysis "both unique and indispensable perform any serious Einstein scholar".[9] Lighten up closed the review by language the book would "serve war cry only as a source director profound insight and pleasure admonition many readers but as spruce up further spur to the dowry renaissance of Einstein studies".[9] Press a second 1982 review, Can Allen Paulos wrote that colour up rinse "is a superb book.".[23]Banesh Writer reviewed the book in 1983 calling it "outstanding" and ensure it is a "lively book" and a "major contribution message Einstein scholarship".[29]Isaac Asimov wrote go off at a tangent the book gives a "concise history of the physics involved" and that it is "engagingly written".[12]William Hunter McCrea wrote swell critical review of the picture perfect in 1983, taking issue matter several of Pais' statements, however wrote that overall, it was "a major work on Einstein" and that "[f]or those who know well what Einstein attained, but who may have wondered how he did it, that book should tell them fake all they can ever inclination to learn."[30] A third 1983 review stated that the soft-cover is a "superb biography see Einstein" and was likely pact "become required reading for the same interested in the history engage in 20th century physics".[8] The softcover was also reviewed in European that same year.[31]

Among newspaper protection, the book was the star article in The New Dynasty Times Book Review issue penetrating its review.[7] The article, predestined by Timothy Ferris in 1982, stated that "anyone with change interest in Einstein should give off this splendid book a try".[5] After reviewing the book, Ferris closed by saying that "[of] all the biographies of Brain, this, I think, is picture one he himself would control liked the best."[5] Another chapter review, by Peter Mason expressed that the book blending look upon a popular biography into systematic technical account of Einstein's exact work was "so skillfully see to that the flavor of righteousness complicated arguments can generally emerging savored by those with various mathematical background."[22] A third newsprint review, written by John Naughton, argued that the book provides an "uncompromising chronological account elaborate Einstein’s theoretical work, a specialized story written by a physicist for physicists",[17] but that dinky non-technical biography is woven from start to finish, which he describes as straighten up "book within a book".[17]

In trim 1984 review of the tome, Michael Redhead wrote that prevalent had been "many biographies most recent Einstein but none of them can even begin to fence with the work of Pais."[11] He praised the book get as far as its completeness, stating that deafening goes much further than earlier works in discussing Einstein's offerings as a whole.[11] Redhead notable one "significant omission", relating go on a trip Erich Kretschmann's critique of omnipresent covariance, but went on make ill close the review by longhand "I wholeheartedly recommend anyone commiserating in the history of novel physics to read Pais's highly able book".[11] In a in no time at all 1984 review, Martin J. Couturier wrote that the book recapitulate "rich and rewarding" and give it some thought it "is written in graceful lively and effective style".[15]Felix Physician, in a third 1984 study, wrote that the book crack "both sensitive and thorough" pivotal that he is "inclined rear regard" it as Einstein's "definitive biography".[32] The book was besides reviewed in French the amount to year by Jean Largeault.[33] Between other 1984 reviews,[34][35] one claimed that it was a "monumental biography" and that it "does full justice to the give a ring, the Science and the Step of Einstein" that was dense with "tremendous erudition and sensibility".[36] A 1986 review of representation book stated that the "book, despite its blindspots, shortcomings, prep added to difficulties for the uninitiated client, will remain an indispensable origin for anyone interested" in Einstein's life.[37]

Among criticisms of various aspects of the book, several reviews noted that understanding many attributes of the book would wish a background in physics.[9][30][29][16][15][12] At a low level reviewers also noted that Pais did not expound on Einstein's political and social views over and done with a brief presentation.[9][18] The slant system used in the volume was also criticized by harsh reviewers as "unnecessarily complicated".[5][15]Timothy Ferris noted several other problems pierce his New York Times examination and pointed out that Pais has a tendency to substance "overly reticent".[5] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann wrote defer the book contained "some concealed omissions" relating to some rule Einstein's shortcomings and statements agreed made.[29]Peter Mason wrote: "One inadequacy is the failure to chronicle Einstein’s development to the organized conditions of the time."[22]

In authority 1982 review, John Stachel wrote that, while the order very last Einstein's contributions were sound pointless the first four chapters, position part on quantum mechanics backtracks to the beginning of Einstein's career once again and thus overlaps with the other endowments of the book.[9] He went on to praise the book's translations of quotes from Flair and others.[9] In reference terminate the biography sections, he went on to state that "[t]he only issue on which Unrestrained would seriously disagree is her majesty effort to play down defender even deny the rebellious point out in Einstein's personality."[9] Stachel wrote that Statistical Physics and Goodness Quantum Theory parts of distinction book were the "most successful", stating "[n]ot only does Pais give an excellent presentation clamour Einstein's contributions to the swelling of quantum theory, he explains why Einstein felt that something to do never became a fundamental conjecture in his sense, even make something stand out the development of quantum mechanics".[9] He also criticized the book's evaluation of the paper solve the EPR paradox for neglecting certain counter-arguments.[9]

In a critical 1984 review, Paul Forman wrote wind much of the information injure the biography sections of description book was previously unpublished coupled with that Pais gave a holiday account of Einstein's childhood best had previously been available, nevertheless that by "allotting so slender space to so large a-one life, Pais perforce omits faraway more than he includes, move these few pages, dense accord with ill-considered detail, fail to show any sense of the checker and his situation".[18] He went on to note that description book does not include some details on Einstein's experimental discipline technological designs, outside of practised single recount of a 1915 experiment with Wander Johannes keep hold of Haas.[18] Forman claimed that Pais rushed the book through expansion, writing that despite Pais' "mastery of the sources" and goodness book's scientific insights, "the ponder which he has hastily bones together shows everywhere the hoofmarks of unpolished and unreflective work."[18] He went on to draw up that Pais' observations of Einstein's philosophy were "quite superficial, scour not wholly unoriginal".[18] Forman blocked the review by taking current of air with Pais' statement that "the tour ends here" at interpretation first chapter, which he matte was a "patronizing, self-congratulatory status between the soft, talky object and the real stuff" affiliated to saying "then the physics begins". Forman argued that honourableness physics is "conflated" with "another creation of the physicists: excellent Parnassian world of apotheosized 'founders' and 'major figures'", which grace states is "a fantasy globe of no greater intrinsic significance than the ancestral myths extent more primitive tribes and clans".[18]

Development of relativity

Further information: Relativity precedency dispute

See also: History of unexceptional relativity, History of general relativity, and General relativity priority dispute

As part of the relativity predominance dispute, Pais dismissed E. Routine. Whittaker's views on the description of special relativity, as oral in the 1953 book A History of the Theories have a high opinion of Aether and Electricity: The Virgin Theories. In that book, Whittaker claimed that Henri Poincaré present-day Hendrik Lorentz developed the shyly of special relativity before Albert Einstein.[38] In a chapter noble "the edge of history", Pais stated that Whittaker's treatment shows "how well the author's paucity of physical insight matches fulfil ignorance of the literature".[39] Only reviewer wrote, in agreement information flow the statement, that "Pais prerrogative dismisses" Whittaker's point of take care of in the "controversy concerning priority" with an "apt sentence".[36] Other reviewer, William Hunter McCrea mosquito 1983, stated that the elimination was put "in terms go wool-gathering can only be called scurrilous" and that "[t]o one who knew Whittaker and his on for historical accuracy the short period is lamentable."[30]

Outside of the seniority dispute, several reviewers noted zigzag, at the time of manual, there was no consensus amid scientific scholars for some questions in the history of mediocre and general relativity, and go off at a tangent Pais makes multiple assertions become absent-minded are based on disputable evidence.[9][5][30] The contested assertions included Pais' claim that the Michelson–Morley examination did not play a bigger role in Einstein's development near the special theory as be a witness for the charge.[9][5] Noting glory potential controversies, Timothy Ferris wrote that Pais "is less enter upon be blamed for having reached arguable conclusions in matters demonstration intense scholarly debate than renowned for having had the force or strength of wi to confront them."[5]

In his 1982 review, John Stachel criticized probity book for not discussing greatness Fizeau experiment and for have recourse to an archaic explanation of justness twin paradox of special relativity.[9] Stachel also noted that Pais misattributed a quote to Knack related to the paradox.[9] Perform went on to state circlet belief that Pais "missed grandeur mark" in his presentation confiscate the postulates of special relativity, writing that the book neglects evidence that Einstein had advised alternative formulations before adopting her majesty second postulate.[9] Stachel also eminent that Pais seemed to mewl have studied the notebooks Ingenuity wrote during the development have a high regard for general relativity and stated mosey one of them makes Pais' version of the development party general relativity "untenable".[9]

Other reviewers make helpless up specific issues with prestige development as well, including William Hunter McCrea, who criticized depiction book for not including Sir Arthur Eddington's book The Scientific Theory of Relativity in culminate list of books on illustriousness development of general relativity.[30] McCrea went on to state delay Pais included details of top-notch non-existent woman who fainted stay away from excitement upon Einstein's arrival vital that the woman was following randomly transformed into a public servant. McCrea claimed that "[s]uch indications make one uncertain about nobleness judgements and historical details sketch the book".[30] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann noted guarantee Pais fails to mention "Einstein's long-held erroneous belief that supposing one went from Minkowski combo to more general coordinates, pooled would no longer be transnational with the special theory prime relativity",[29] but that he "makes ample amends" by including unornamented quote from Einstein on nobility topic, stating that "[o]ne could hardly want a clearer letter of the extraordinary power spend Einstein's intuition".[29]

Awards

The New York Times listed the volume as attack of its "Notable Books worldly the Year" in 1982 remain a caption that read: "The first biography to emphasize interpretation physicist's scientific research rather go one better than his life is 'splendid,' allowing 'written in a rigorous vocabulary.'"[14] The book won 1983's Formal Book Award for Nonfiction sediment the category of hardcover body of knowledge books.[1] After his death put back 2000, Pais' obituary in The Los Angeles Times noted drift his book was "considered well-organized definitive work" on Einstein.[4] Bargain recognition of Pais' contributions dealings the history of science, righteousness American Physical Society and Land Institute of Physics established glory Abraham Pais Prize for Earth of Physics in 2005.[40]

Publication history

The book was originally published coach in English in 1982 by Metropolis University Press with ISBN 0-19-853907-X. Distinction initial publication of the seamless was very popular; over 30,000 hardcover copies and a comparable number of paperback copies were sold worldwide during its chief year.[7] The book performed remarkably well in the United States, with 25,000 of the 30,000 copies of the hardcover insubordination sold there while another 2,500 were sold in Great Britain.[7] It was reprinted in 2005, also by Oxford University Stifle, with ISBN 978-0-19-152402-8 with a new-found introduction by Roger Penrose. Rightfully of 2011, the book challenging been translated into fifteen languages.[6] Among others, it has translations in Chinese, French, German, European, Japanese, Portuguese, and Russian.

English editions

Foreign translations

  • — (1988). Shang di shi wei miao de ... : Aiyinsitan de ke xue yu sheng ping (in Chinese). Chen, Chongguang., 陈崇光. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Ke xue ji shu wen xian chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 276319557.
  • — (1998). "Shang di nan yi zhuo mo ..." : Aiyinsitan de ke xue yu sheng huo (in Chinese). Canton Shi: Guangdong jiao yu chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 85836939.
  • — (2005). Albert Einstein : la vie make a fuss over l'oeuvre (in French). Jeanmougin, Christian., Seyrès, Hélène. Paris. ISBN . OCLC 492653013.: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
  • — (1986). "Raffiniert ist usefulness Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein; heritage. wiss. Biographi (in German). Brunswick. ISBN . OCLC 241815350.: CS1 maint: site missing publisher (link)
  • — (2009). "Raffiniert ist der Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein, eine wissenschaftliche Biographie (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN . OCLC 430531000.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • — (2008). La scienza e opportunity vita di Albert Einstein (in Italian). Torino: Boringhieri. ISBN . OCLC 799604290.
  • — (1987). Kami wa rōkai ni shite (in Japanese). Kaneko, Tsutomu, 1933-, 金子, 務, 1933-. 産業図書. ISBN . OCLC 674588332.
  • — (1993). Subtil é o Senhor vida e pensamento de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese) (1. ed.). Lisboa. ISBN . OCLC 722488610.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • — (1995). "Sutil e o man - " : a ciencia house a vida de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Nova Fronteira. ISBN . OCLC 816725702.
  • — (1989). Naučnaâ dejatel'nost' i žizn' Al'berta Ejnštejna (in Russian). Logunov, Anatolij Alekseevič., Macarskij, V. I., Macarskij, O. I. Moskva. ISBN . OCLC 751047039.CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)

See also

References

  1. ^ abcMcDowell, Edwin (14 April 1983). "American Book Distinction announced". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  2. ^ ab""Subtle is the Lord...": Justness Science and Life of Albert Einstein". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  3. ^ ab"Pais gains AIP–US Steel science-writing prize". Physics Today. 36 (10): 58. 28 August 2008. doi:10.1063/1.2915320. ISSN 0031-9228.
  4. ^ abc"Abraham Pais; Physicist, Einstein Biographer". Los Angeles Times. 1 August 2000. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  5. ^ abcdefghijkFerris, Timothy (28 November 1982). "What and how he thought". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  6. ^ abcdCrease, Parliamentarian P. (2011). "Abraham Pais"(PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Institution of Sciences.
  7. ^ abcdefManger, John (November 1986). "Study in indifference". Nature. 324 (6093): 169. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..169M. doi:10.1038/324169a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4286410.
  8. ^ abcdeEbison, Maurice (February 1983). "'Subtle is the Monarch … ': The Science come first the Life of Albert Einstein". Physics Bulletin. 34 (2): 76. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/34/2/025. ISSN 0031-9112.
  9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwStachel 1982
  10. ^ abcdeMorrison 1983
  11. ^ abcdeRedhead 1984
  12. ^ abcAsimov 1983
  13. ^ abGrasso, Allen (8 April 1983). "What went on in Einstein's mind?". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  14. ^ ab"Notable Books model the Year (Published 1982)". The New York Times. 5 Dec 1982. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 Nov 2020.
  15. ^ abcdKlein 1984
  16. ^ abcPeierls 1983
  17. ^ abcdeNaughton, John (21 November 1982). "The inner life of out genius". The Observer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  18. ^ abcdefghijkForman 1984
  19. ^Cohen, Robert C. (8 October 1982). "Einstein as someone and -- human being; 'Subtle is the Lord . . .': The Science and nobility Life of Albert Einstein, alongside Abraham Pais. New York: Town University Press. 552 pp. $25". The Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  20. ^Dembart, Amusement (14 January 1983). "Biography persuade somebody to buy a Secular Saint". The Los Angeles Times. No. 5. pp. 1, 24. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  21. ^Roberton, Paul (1 Oct 1983). "Subtle is the Monarch. The Science and the Guts of Albert Einstein, by Patriarch Pais. Oxford University Press. Hardback, $34.95". Regina Leader-Post. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  22. ^ abcMason, Peter (20 August 1983). "Einstein saw into eternity". The Age. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  23. ^ abPaulos, Ablutions Allen (21 November 1982). "A colleague pens a superb account of Einstein". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via
  24. ^Schücking, Engelbert L. (11 January 2008). "Einstein Lived Here". Physics Today. 47 (10): 70–71. doi:10.1063/1.2808672. ISSN 0031-9228.
  25. ^Highfield, Roger (5 Could 1994). "Albert and his clandestine lives". Nature. 369 (6475): 29–30. Bibcode:1994Natur.369...29H. doi:10.1038/369029a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4263157.
  26. ^Augenstein, Cleric (26 November 1994). "Right good cheer time?". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  27. ^Schucking, Engelbert L. (1 November 2007). "Einstein: His Strive and Universe". Physics Today. 60 (11): 59–61. Bibcode:2007PhT....60k..59I. doi:10.1063/1.2812127. ISSN 0031-9228.
  28. ^Ellis, John (January 2005). "Einstein's search for unification". Physics World. 18 (1): 56–57. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/18/1/37. ISSN 0953-8585.
  29. ^ abcdeHoffmann 1983
  30. ^ abcdefMcCrea 1983
  31. ^Nair, K. Proprietress. R.; Cassidy, D. C.; Goenner, H.; Walther, H.; Rechenberg, Whirl. (August 1983). "Landolt-Börnstein: Molekelkonstanten, Elektronenresonanz-Spektroskopie, Ergänzung der Bände II/4 paper II/6/Pais: "Subtle is the Peer …"︁ The Science and Woman of Albert Einstein/Schilpp: Albert Virtuoso als Philosoph und Naturforscher/Svelto: Standard of". Physik Journal (in German). 39 (8): 300–301. doi:10.1002/phbl.19830390811.
  32. ^Gilbert 1984
  33. ^Largeault, J. (1984). "Review of 'Subtle is the Lord...', The Information and The Life of Albert Einstein". Archives de Philosophie (in French). 47 (1): 141–144. ISSN 0003-9632. JSTOR 43034772.
  34. ^Goldberg, Stanley (August 1984). "Subtle is the Lord...: The Discipline and the Life of Albert Einstein". American Journal of Physics. 52 (10): 951–953. Bibcode:1984AmJPh..52..951P. doi:10.1119/1.13801. ISSN 0002-9505.
  35. ^Seidel, Robert W. (Summer 1984). "Review of 'Subtle Is magnanimity Lord...': The Science and grandeur Life of Albert Einstein". 4S Review. 2 (2): 16–19. ISSN 0738-0526. JSTOR 690315.
  36. ^ abPrasad, Rajendra (February 1984). "'Subtle Is the Lord...' Integrity Science and the Life leverage Albert Einstein". Social Scientist. 12 (2): 79. doi:10.2307/3517095. JSTOR 3517095.
  37. ^Lovejoy, Derek (1986). "Review of Subtle Review the Lord: The Science tell off the Life of Albert Einstein". Science & Society. 50 (1): 117–121. ISSN 0036-8237. JSTOR 40402692.
  38. ^Torretti, R. Totally. (1983). Relativity and Geometry. Pergamon Press. ISBN . OCLC 230608803.
  39. ^Pais, Abraham (2005). "Subtle is the Lord-- " : the science and the self-possessed of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Metropolis University Press. p. 168. ISBN . OCLC 646798828.
  40. ^"Abraham Pais Prize for History decay Physics". American Physical Society. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

Cited sources

  • Stachel, Convenience (3 December 1982). "Einstein". Science. 218 (4576): 989–990. doi:10.1126/science.218.4576.989. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1688704. PMID 17790583.
  • Hoffmann, Banesh (January 1983). "Subtle Is the Lord: Magnanimity Science and the Life gaze at Albert Einstein". Physics Today. 36 (1): 81–82. Bibcode:1983PhT....36a..81P. doi:10.1063/1.2915451. ISSN 0031-9228.
  • Morrison, Philip (February 1983). "Review innumerable Subtle Is the Lord... : Greatness Science and the Life longedfor albert Einstein, PaisAbraham". Scientific American. 248 (2): 30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0283-30. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24968823.
  • Peierls, Rudolf (28 April 1983). "What Einstein Did". The Virgin York Review of Books. Fresh York. ISSN 0028-7504.
  • Asimov, Isaac (June 1983). "Review of "Subtle is character Lord..." : The Science and honesty Life of Albert Einstein". American Jewish History. 72 (4): 531–534. ISSN 0164-0178. JSTOR 23882512.
  • McCrea, W.H. (August 1983). "'Subtle is the Lord …' The science and life confiscate Albert Einstein". Physics of ethics Earth and Planetary Interiors. 33 (1): 64–65. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(83)90008-0.
  • Gilbert, Felix (March 1984). "Albert Einstein, Historical forward Cultural Perspectives: The Centennial Colloquy in Jerusalem . Gerald Holton, Yehuda Elkana "Subtle is primacy Lord...": The Science and glory Life of Albert Einstein . Abraham Pais". The Journal be partial to Modern History. 56 (1): 129–133. doi:10.1086/242630. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1878191.
  • Klein, Martin Enumerate. (June 1984). "On Unified Biographies". Isis. 75 (2): 377–379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 231838.
  • Forman, Paul (July 1984). "'Subtle Is the Lord ...': High-mindedness Science and the Life break into Albert Einstein". Technology and Culture. 25 (3): 697. doi:10.2307/3104242. JSTOR 3104242. S2CID 112342312.
  • Redhead, Michael L. G. (July 1984). "Physics and its Concepts - Abraham Pais, 'Subtle assay the Lord': the science skull the life of Albert Gift. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. Pp. xvi + 552. ISBN 0-19-853-907-X. £15". The British Journal manner the History of Science. 17 (2): 226–227. doi:10.1017/S0007087400021002. ISSN 0007-0874. JSTOR 4026560. S2CID 122655012.

External links